José-Antonio Fernández ¹ , Omar Santana² , José-Luis Guardiola ³ , Pat Heslop-Harrison⁴

1- Laboratorio De Biotecnología-IDRUniversidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM)AlbaceteSpain

2- Junta de Comunidades de Castilla La-Mancha (JCCM)Centro de Investigación Agraria de AlbaladejitoCuencaSpain

3- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, ETSIAUniversidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPVLC)ValenciaSpain

4- Department of BiologyUniversity of Leicester (ULEIC)LeicesterUK

Abstract

Since 2007, the European Commission AGRI GEN RES 018 “CROCUSBANK” action has permitted the creation of the alleged World Saffron and Crocus Collection (WSCC), a unique collection which contains a representation of the genetic variability present in saffron crop and wild relatives at global scale. At present the germplasm collection, housed at the Bank of Plant Germplasm of Cuenca (BGV-CU, Spain), consists of 572 preserved accessions representing 47 different Crocus species (including saffron Crocus) and is expected to increase up to more than 600 accessions by the end of CROCUSBANK action (May 2011). The preserved biodiversity of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) covers a wide range of the genetic variability of the crop and currently consists of 220 accessions from 15 countries: 169 of these come from European cultivation countries, 18 from commercial areas in non EU countries, 26 from regions of minimal or relict production and/or from abandoned fields and 7 from commercial nurseries. The non-saffron Crocus collection currently comprises 352 accessions: 179 collected from the wild in 12 countries of natural distribution, 24 from donations of public and private institutions, 91 from commercial nurseries and 58 acquired from BGV-CU collection management. Here we provide a record of collections, activities concerns and current strategies for documentation, conservation, characterisation, and management of the collection as important tools for researchers with interest in these valuable genetic resources.

Keyword :

Genetic resources ,Database, Crop diversity ,Ex situ conservation

DOI : 10.1007/s10722-010-9601-5

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10722-010-9601-5

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs10722-010-9601-5.pdf

https://hungary.pure.elsevier.com/hu/publications/the-world-saffron-and-crocus-collection-strategies-for-establishm

Mollafilabi, N. Imankhan

Abstract

Saffron is one of the most important exporting products of Iran, especially Khorasan e Razavi and Southern Khorasan. In order to increase its export, post-harvest activities such as packaging standardization, pricing and advertisement with respect to identification of target markets, must be paid attention to. The effect of these factors on saffron exports, recognition of recent problems and presentation of effective recommendations, can be achieved via statistical analyses. Such an approach was applied with data obtained from distributed questionnaires, conversations with experts and all saffron exporters in Masshad. Results show that four factors were considered as the most important among the 1) Quality of packaging for exports, sanitary principles in time of packaging and paying attention to the attractiveness of packages for exports; 2) Harvest celebration for saffron, participation in international exhibitions, presentation of saffron samples, giving information in the field of diverse applications and uses of saffron, and finally advertisement, and identification of the target market; 3) Agreement of standards with importer countries; 4) Recognition of customer behavior in the world market and study of their problems relative to price change, investment in saffron for enhancement of exports. Other suggestions and recommendations are also presented. The establishement of a research institute only for saffron in order to conduct research on different aspects from production to processing, marketing, exports, pricing, training, etc is highly recommended.

Keywords :

advertisement, exports, marketing, material quality, packaging, saffron

DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.850.54

https://www.actahort.org/books/850/850_54.htm

https://www.ishs.org/ishs-article/850_54

Salwee Yasmin  : Saffron Research Station, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, India.

F.A. Nehvi : Saffron Research Station, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, India.

Corresponding Author Email: salwees@yahoo.com

Abstract

 Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is an autumn flowering high value, low volume spice crop that grows throughout Mediterranean Europe and Western Asia between 10° west and 80° east longitudes and 30 to 50° north latitudes. At present, saffron production is limited to Iran and countries of older civilizations such as India, Spain, Italy, Greece, and Turkey. Its cultivation is under threat of extinction and thus warrants attention of researchers and policy makers. Like Kashmir, its revival is to be taken on mission mode approach, particularly in the areas where its cultivation has been abandoned by the farmers. Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kasmir, India, and other International Organizations, have instituted research programme for systematic improvement of saffron from production to consumption system. This review deliberates on the latest work being done for promotion of saffron farming as an economically viable venture for livelihood security.

Key words

Plant, research and development (R & D), saffron.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR12.1955

https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJAR/article-abstract/469A88533050

http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380871874_Yasmin%20and%20Nehvi.pdf

Alessandra Manzo ¹, Sara Panseri ² , Danilo Bertoni³

1-Centre for Applied Studies in the Sustainable Management and Protection of the Mountain Environment-Ge.S.Di.Mont.-Università degli Studi di MilanoEdolo, BresciaItaly

2-Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health-Università degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly

3-Department of EconomicsManagement and Quantitative Methods-Università degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly

Abstract

Saffron, obtained from the flower stigmas of Crocus sativusL., is one of the most expensive food spices. The introduction of saffron in alpine areas could help to broaden and diversify the activities of mountain multifunctional farms, with a positive impact on economy and land management. According to ISO 3632 (2010/2011), saffron can be classified into three categories of quality (I, II, III) depending on the concentration of the three main metabolites responsible for its characteristic colour, flavor and aroma: Crocin, Picrocrocin and Safranal. This study represents the first investigation of the quality of saffron produced in the Italian Alps evaluated with spectrophotometry, HPLC, solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and gas chromatographic analysis combined with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The experiments used Crocus sativus stigmas produced in 2012-2013 in different areas of the Central Italian Alps were located at an altitude between 720 and 1200 m a.s.l.. Results obtained were compared to commercial saffron. The analyses confirmed that all samples can be classified in the first quality category according to the ISO classification. This high quality is also confirmed by HPLC analysis. Moreover, the SPME-GC/MS analysis identified some differences in the aromatic profile of saffron samples, in particular regarding safranal concentration. A preliminary assessment of the economic viability of high quality saffron production for local markets was also performed. Our study provides valid information regarding the quality and economic sustainability of saffron production in the alpine area confirming this crop as a good candidate for a new source of income for multifunctional farms in mountain areas.

Keywords

Crocus sativus L., Alps, ISO 3632 ,UV-Vis spectrophotometry, SPME-GC/MS, HPLC 

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11629-015-3448-3

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Economic-and-qualitative-traits-of-Italian-Alps-Manzo/27dab78cedc551d72276b3d08bd7e68fcfc7f2fb

Asif Khan University of Malaya

¹ROSNA MAT TAHA, ²NORDIYANAHANUAR, ³ASIF KHAN, ⁴BEHNAZNOWROUZI, ⁵SAKINAH ABDULLAH, ⁶SADEGHMOHAJER

Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

E-mail: 1rosna@um.edu.my, 2nordiyanahanuar@yahoo.com.my, 3asif.khan.qau@gmail.com, 4raihani_84@yahoo.com, 5mohajerae@gmail.com

Abstract

Saffron (Crocussativus L.) originated and grown in limited countries such as Iran, Turkey, India (Kashmir) and Spain is the most expensive, rare, imported spice and is gaining popularity and importance in Malaysia. The economic value of this ” red gold ” is well known since ancient times. Unfortunately, this plant does not produce viable natural seeds and the growth rate by natural corms is very slow. Hence, in vitro culture of this species is urgently needed. Up to our knowledge, this is the first attempt of cultivation of this crop in Malaysia either under in vivo or in vitro conditions. Saffron is also notable for medicinal and pharmaceutical properties, besides being used for food seasoning and colouring. In the present study, corms were utilized to cultivate this species on various substrates and also to initiate in vitro cultures on various media and supplemented with different plant growth regulators. The results obtained were very encouraging and proven that saffron has potential to be cultivated in Malaysia, although a tropical country, provided some modifications of the required growth conditions are made. In vitro culture from corm explants (whole or segmented) produced somatic embryos and shoot regeneration. Hence, tissue culture of this species was successful and promise great potential for mass propagation, plant conservation and even commercialization in the long term. Corms after a few months germinated on black moist soil produced normal flowers when maintained at 13-20ᵒ C.

Keywords :

Index Terms- saffron, somatic embryos, in vitro culture, shoots regeneration, Plant Growth Regulators.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305044039_FIRST_NOVEL_ATTEMPT_OF_SAFFRON_CROCUS_SATIVUS_L_CULTIVATION_IN_VIVO_AND_IN_VITRO_IN_MALAYSIA_FOR_MASS_PROPAGATION

http://www.worldresearchlibrary.org/up_proc/pdf/200-145646737117.pdf

MateuszFilipski^a, AbdellahAboudrare^b, Travis J.Lybbert^c, EdwardTaylor^c

a-International Food Policy Research Institute, USA

b-Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Morocco

c-University of California at Davis, USA

Abstract

Access to international markets provides smallholders with unprecedented opportunities, but also exposes them to world market whims. We use a local economy-wide impact evaluation (LEWIE) model to analyze how the recent global saffron-price variability affected Morocco’s Taliouine–Taznakht region, a specialized agro-export economy with a stark gender division of labor. Prices of saffron increased by 71% per year over the 2007–09 period before falling quickly back to their trend. Our modeling approach allows us to simulate such shocks and evaluate impacts not only on producers but also on the local economies around them. In our simulations, positive price-shocks and increases in productivity both cause large reallocations of labor resources, particularly for female workers at harvest time. We use Monte-Carlo simulations to evaluate how saffron-price variance affects the economy. Female wage income is especially sensitive to global price variability: a 100% increase in saffron-price variance leads to 133% increase in female wage income variance, but only 36% for males. Accounting for general-equilibrium effects is critical for understanding the ramifications of exposure to export price volatility in poor economies.

Keyword:

impact evaluation, price volatility, gender, market integration, Africa, Morocco

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.10.018

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305750X16305204?via%3Dihub

https://arefiles.ucdavis.edu/uploads/filer_public/e3/9d/e39d6c38-56a6-4f56-8831-8947ef0648e2/2017_filipski_et_al_wd_spice_price_spikes.pdf

https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/wdevel/v91y2017icp84-99.html

Mateusz Filipski (m.filipski@cgiar.org), Abdellah Aboudrare, Travis Lybbert (tlybbert@ucdavis.edu) and J. Edward Taylor

Abstract

Access to international markets provides smallholders with unprecedented opportunities, but also exposes them to market whims of unprecedented amplitude and can trigger substantial changes in the local economy. In Morocco’s mountainous Taliouine-Taznakht region, saffron production drives the local economy and is the major source of female employment. The global market for saffron has been excessively volatile lately. We use a local economy-wide impact evaluation (LEWIE) approach to reveal how saffron price shocks reverberate through the local economy, with a particular focus on gender impacts. We find that saffron price shocks dramatically affect saffron production and labor demand, particularly for female harvest labor. Investments in yield-enhancing technologies create harvest labor bottlenecks that disproportionately affect women. Using Monte Carlo methods show that variability in female wage income is especially sensitive to variability in global saffron prices. Appreciating local inter-linkages is critical to understand household and regional impacts of export price volatility.

Keyword:

 Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance

https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/agsiaae15/229066.htm

http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/229066/files/Filipski_ICAE2015_ID_173.pdf

http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/229066/files/Filipski_ICAE2015_ID_173.pdf

Author(s): Reza Askandari, Masuod Amopur, Marhamat Hematpur, Shahram Keshavarzi

Abstract

The main objective of this study is to prioritize and rank problems exporting Iranian saffron. Based on a comprehensive review of the literature on issues related to data and information collected from questionnaires, with 816% reliability is used. In this study, the sample of managers and sales and marketing company is exporting Iranian saffron is the sample size of 231 subjects. The results of this study are positive and significant relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables of export performance of export barriers exist.

Keyword:

Barriers to Exports, The Export of Saffron, Saffron Iran Export Companies

DOI: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v3-i10/293     Pages: [231-239]

 http://hrmars.com/index.php/journals/papers/IJARBSS/v3-i10/293

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315645659_Prioritization_and_Ranking_Problems_Exporting_Iranian_Saffron

http://hrmars.com/hrmars_papers/Prioritization_and_Ranking_Problems_Exporting_Iranian_Saffron.pdf

Farhood Golmohammadi

Abstract

One of the most valuable and irreplaceable ones all over the world is Saffron. It is such an expensive products which is weighted in Mesghals (=5 grams) or grams. Saffron as the most expensive agricultural and medicinal plant has a unique status among industrial and export products. Today, with %60 of the universal production, Iran is considered the main producer of Saffron in the world. Saffron’s numerous qualities and uses together with the role it plays in the economy of Iranian farmers call for a particular attention to eradicate problems regarding its production, export and merchandising. In Iran it is specially an exceptional product, because it require little water and low care. It can provide jobs for villagers and prevent their emigration from country to cities. Compared to the other kinds of products, it can bring about a remarkable income both for the farmers and for the country. Thus, if enough consideration is exercised, the government may decrease its oil export dependency by relying on a good plan to improve Saffron production. Among exporting items, Saffron has a high exporting value in Khorasan, since it constituted %92 of the whole export items and %98 of the cultivated land in 2001.The high quality of Saffron produced in Iran has persuaded some European countries like Spain to buy Iran’s Saffron in bulk. Later on they pack them under Spanish titles and present them to International markets. It goes without saying that they cannot produce Saffron with such Quality, since those country lack the climatic and ecological conditions necessary to grow such a valuable product. So the Khorasanian scholars and writers should try to introduce this precious native product to the other nations based on the findings and information they have. Saffron is important from aspects of economy, medicine, producing employment opportunities and as food stuff. This article tries to describe a brief history of Saffron, explain its qualities and introduce the ecosystem of medicinal plants in Southern Khorasan. It also attempt to introduce the problems and difficulties with regard to Saffron and its export.

Keywords :

Agricultural economics ,Emigration,Agriculture,Economy,Government,Geography,Medicinal plants

https://scinapse.io/papers/2189333588

http://ijfas.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/566-596.pdf

Hanieh Shahi : Sharif University of Technology

Ali Kalhor , Mohammad Sadegh Horri

Abstract

International commerce includes all transactions which are performed between two or more countries. To perform a transaction, companies should consider international practical structures to execute them in target market. Besides international strategies management knowledge, it is also important to analyze financial results of each one of these strategies. Difference between a local commerce and foreign commerce generally includes economic activities, goal of managerial decisions, type of legal system and limitations of different countries and cultural difference of countries is one of the subsets of economic activities. Therefore, proper understanding of culture is a necessary part of development of effective marketing strategies and performance of international transactions. Goal of this paper is to study culture and its effect on international commerce. To reach this goal, this paper first studies role of culture as one of the successful marketing factors in development of international commerce and then studies saffron product as an exported sample of the country in terms of effective cultural factors.

Keyword:

. Culture, International Commerce, Marketing Strategy, Saffron

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263757964_EFFECT_OF_CULTURE_ON_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_CASE_STUDY_OF_SAFFRON_EXPORT

https://www.ijsr.in/upload/1149165373Microsoft%20Word%20-%20j_HN10110930491_1093_140512100836.pdf

Mysir Jeelani Kaloo, Reena Patidar, Tapan Choure

Abstract

In the present study simple multiple regressions was used to understand the contribution of different variables influencing saffron production the results indicated that the regression coefficients of time (0.96) fertilizers (0.23) and area (0.13) contributed significantly to 0.48%. Also auto correlation model was used; indicated (2.246) presence of perfect positive autocorrelation between the variables. Estimated calculation of area was calculate through the compound growth rate resulting 2469.023 ha will be used in 2012 for the cultivation purposes in 2012. Data used has shown a declining trend in the production and productivity from the last decade due to conversion of saffron land for commercial purposes.

Keyword:

 Saffron, multiple regressions, autocorrelation, production, productivity

https://journals.pen2print.org/index.php/ijr/article/view/110

https://www.academia.edu/8232687/Status_of_Saffron_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir_An_Economic_Analysis

Alessandra Manzo , Sara Panseri , Danilo Bertoni , Annamaria Giorgi

Abstract

Saffron, obtained from the flower stigmas of Crocus sativusL., is one of the most expensive food spices. The introduction of saffron in alpine areas could help to broaden and diversify the activities of mountain multifunctional farms, with a positive impact on economy and land management. According to ISO 3632 (2010/2011), saffron can be classified into three categories of quality (I, II, III) depending on the concentration of the three main metabolites responsible for its characteristic colour, flavor and aroma: Crocin, Picrocrocin and Safranal. This study represents the first investigation of the quality of saffron produced in the Italian Alps evaluated with spectrophotometry, HPLC, solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and gas chromatographic analysis combined with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The experiments used Crocus sativus stigmas produced in 2012-2013 in different areas of the Central Italian Alps were located at an altitude between 720 and 1200 m a.s.l.. Results obtained were compared to commercial saffron. The analyses confirmed that all samples can be classified in the first quality category according to the ISO classification. This high quality is also confirmed by HPLC analysis. Moreover, the SPME-GC/MS analysis identified some differences in the aromatic profile of saffron samples, in particular regarding safranal concentration. A preliminary assessment of the economic viability of high quality saffron production for local markets was also performed. Our study provides valid information regarding the quality and economic sustainability of saffron production in the alpine area confirming this crop as a good candidate for a new source of income for multifunctional farms in mountain areas.

Keywords :

. Crocus sativus L., Alps, ISO 3632, UV-Vis spectrophotometry ,SPME-GC/MS HPLC 

DoI : 10.1007/s11629-015-3448-3

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Economic-and-qualitative-traits-of-Italian-Alps-Manzo-Panseri/27dab78cedc551d72276b3d08bd7e68fcfc7f2fb

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11629-015-3448-3

j kashani – Ph.D. Student, Department of Agricultural Development, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN
n daryaei – Ph.D. Student, Department of Agricultural Development, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN

Abstract

Poor system of packaging, marketing and advertising in saffron export sector by Iranian exporters caused importers to buy this product from Iran at lower prices and then sell it at higher prices on the world markets by repackaging and proper advertising. The first importance of packaging is that many customers buy with their eyes,so attractive package has special importance. Considering the fact that Iran is the foremost producer of saffron in the world andproduces almost 95 percent of the world’s saffron, in the present study we have addressed the role of saffron packaging in its export.Literature review and background research identified some important packaging variables and factors that are important in export of a product. This study is an applied research in terms ofpurpose. This research has been done by the methods of library, scientific, specialized and field study. Statistical society of thisresearch is composed of saffron exporters to foreign countries that are currently active and specialists and professors of University ofTorbatjam who are experts in marketing and business. T-value of all factor loadings is greater than 1.96 and this means that the factor loadings were significant in alpha level of 0.05 and have significant effect on the 5 factors of packaging. These findings show differential validity between latent variables and convergence of indices in measurement of latent variables. Also combined reliability of all indices is desirable because it is more than 0.6. If the combined reliability index is more than 0.6, it indicates that the indices measure latent variables well and as convergent, and as a result they are reliable indices.

Keyword:

Packaging ، ، Marketing ، Export ، ، Saffron

https://www.civilica.com/Paper-JR_AAJ-JR_AAJ-3-5_001=Analysis-and-investigation-of-the-status-of-saffron-packaging-and-its-position-in-Iran-exports-from-exporters-and-experts-viewpoints-case-study-Torbatjam-township.html

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Najmeh_Daryaei/publication/270584888_Analysis_and_Investigation_of_the_Status_of_Saffron_Packaging_and_its_Position_in_Iran_Exports_from_Exporters_and_Experts_Viewpoints_Case_Study_Torbatjam_Township/links/54afa46c0cf21670b35a8a80/Analysis-and-Investigation-of-the-Status-of-Saffron-Packaging-and-its-Position-in-Iran-Exports-from-Exporters-and-Experts-Viewpoints-Case-Study-Torbatjam-Township.pdf?origin=publication_detail

M. Agayev, E. Zarifi

Abstract

After establishment in our previous experiments of high heterogeneity of populations of saffron it was interesting further to observe the evolution of this plant propagated in exclusively vegetative way by means of man. Possible ways of occurrence of heterogeneity were analyzed. It is supposed that saffron, a sterile clone of triploid origin that has been cultivated from time immemorial (the period about 3.5-4.5 thousand years) has passed an original evolution. Growing in the various countries under various soil-climatic conditions, during many centuries, saffron has been influenced by various stressful factors and has undergone different sorts of mutations. Despite of sterility genetic changes could partly happen also as a result of somatic recombination. Each plant that has undergone a genetic change has become a unique, new clone. Clones in populations grow together, in a mixture. Thus they never combine genetically because of their sterility. The kept mutations and other genetic changes collected in populations. Such process has been going on even today. Clones were different, of high, average and low vital potentials. The first clones were prospering, but small in extent, the second made the prevailing majority; the third could be exposed to genetic decline and, partly, disappear, being replaced with the first and the second. Let any part of the specified clones as a result of genetic degradation annually dies off and disappears. Man, probably will not notice it, as he always has clones with high or even not very high, and usual vital potential at hand. At their expense places of the degraded and missed clones will be filled automatically and man, not noticing anything special, will continue the usual work on cultivation and propagation of saffron. The described process gives us the basis to speak about the phenomenon of original process of self-renewal or self-recovery of saffron, occurring annually in populations. Self-renewal of saffron could be considered as a selection of a special type, which cannot be named natural, even though it takes place spontaneously, artificial, albeit it is being carried out at intermediary of humans. In our opinion, it should be named: “The self-renewal selection”.

Keywords:

saffron, heterogeneity, evolution, prosperity, decline, self-renewal evolution

DOI:  10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.850.2

https://www.actahort.org/books/850/850_2.htm

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Eissa_Zarifi/publication/285173273_Peculiar_evolution_of_saffron_Crocus_sativus_L_Prosperity_and_decline/links/59142577aca27200fe4bb46a/Peculiar-evolution-of-saffron-Crocus-sativus-L-Prosperity-and-decline.pdf

https://www.ishs.org/ishs-article/850_2

Nicolosi, S. Cosentino, M. Strazzulla

Abstract

Italy has one of the most valuable saffron in Europe. We have three Protected Designations of Origin in Sardinia, Aquila and San Gimignano. Italian saffron is present in other areas. In Sicily this spicy is present from the Middle Ages in the central area, in particular near Enna. Nowadays there are almost 5 ha that are cultivated by saffron. This area is characterized by excellent soil, good weather, good viability and agriculture tradition too. The main group is “Cooperativa Oro Rosso di Sicilia”. It is a young coop that was founded by 12 partners in 2005 with an elevated culture (every one has an undergraduate or a graduate degree), with a small plot of land (between 1000/2500 m²) and lowest mechanization and no specialized workforce; also, Sicilian soil is excellent for cultivating this spice. For this reason it is necessary to search for new markets, as the Middle Eastern market or the Russian market, where our high quality products are strongly requested. The principal risk is that the European product could bleed for the competition of Iranian saffron that are produced with lower costs but that has lower quality than our saffron and that represents 90% of world production. For Sicilian saffron, an important opportunity could be the partnership with typical cheese producers (piacentinu ennese) that are important for Sicilian saffron to obtain the PDO. Another important action is the creation of a partnership between University and farms for developing a commercial strategy and mechanization

Keyword:

benefits, costs, market, production, Sicily, saffron

DOI: – https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.850.50

https://www.ishs.org/ishs-article/850_50

https://www.actahort.org/books/850/850_50.htm

Safdari Mehdi^1*, Motiee Reza²

¹Department of Economics, University of Qom, Iran

²Department of Economics, Payame Noor University, Ghaemshahr, Iran

Abstract

In recent years, appropriate increase of production and production for saffron export has led to seeking new export markets in Iran. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between Saffron export and agricultural value added in Iran. The theoretical framework was designed based on this assumption that the total production in the economy is divided into two sections: production for inside and production for export. The data were collected from 1990 to 2007 and were analyzed using Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The result of the analyses showed that there was significant relationship between Saffron export and agricultural value added. Together the independent variables explained 91% of the variance in the dependent variables. The remaining 9% was due to unidentified variables. In relation to that, we can conclude that explanatory power is high for the equation. It showed that one percent change in Saffron export rate lead to 35% in agricultural value added growth. Therefore Saffron export is regarded as an important factor in Iran’s agricultural value added.

Keywords

Saffron Export, Agricultural Value Added, non oil export, Iran

http://www.imedpub.com/articles/saffron-export-and-agricultural-value-added-in-iran.php?aid=11395

http://www.imedpub.com/articles/saffron-export-and-agricultural-value-added-in-iran.pdf

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268369385_Saffron_Export_and_agricultural_value_added_in_Iran

Ghorbani

International Symposium on Saffron Biology and Technology

Abstract

Saffron is a strategic product in Iran. Iran’s share in the saffron world production and export is almost 90%. Labor requirement for saffron production is 200 man day per hectare. However, this figure is much higher in the processing and marketing sectors. DRC and SCB indices show that production of saffron in Iran has comparative advantages. Marketing margin of saffron is high so that producers receive less than 65% of final price of consumer. Over 70% of household income is made by saffron. According to special advantages of this product, creation of a regional marketing board beside agricultural exchange market for coordinating production,

Keywords

employment, exchange market, Khorasan

DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.739.42

https://www.actahort.org/books/739/739_42.htm

http://confnews.um.ac.ir/images/41/conferences/saffron/pdf/p42.pdf

https://www.ishs.org/ishs-article/739_42

marketing and export and maintaining market share is suggested

Belletti, Giovanni ; Burgassi, Tunia ; Manco, Elisabetta ; Marescotti, Andrea ; Pacciani, Alessandro ; Scaramuzzi, Silvia

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the roles Geographical Indications (PDO and PGI) can play in the internationalisation process of some small-medium scale agri – food products from Tuscany (Italy). The analysis of the selected case studies highlighted among the driving motivations of firms for the use of PDO/PGIs on international markets both defensive roles (in particular for the function of defending from abuses in using geographical name), and offending roles against competitors (as in the case of product differentiation or exclusive right of benefiting from the reputation of origin). Besides, there is also a strictly commercial role in terms of giving an answer to the explicit request of certifications from customers. PDOs and PGIs can represent an internationalisation tool, although their effectiveness depends on several factors that rely on the characteristics of the product, of the production system (rate of fragmentation, organisation, role of collective organisations…) and of the firms in particular, as well as on the characteristics of the destination market.

Keyword :

Quality Food Products (QFPs) ; PDO and PGI ; Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) ; Marketing strategies.

ISBN : 9789086860890

Record Number : 20093104656

Publisher : Wageningen Academic Publishers

Location of publication : Wageningen

Country of publication : Netherlands

Indexing terms for this abstract:

Descriptor(s) : agroindustrial sector, consumer satisfaction, food marketing, food products, food quality, international trade, origin, quality labelling, world markets

Identifier(s) : food and agricultural sector, food distribution and marketing, quality labeling

https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/7851?ln=en

https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20093104656

Editors : Maurizio Canavari, Nicola Cantore, Alessandra Castellini, Erika Pignatti and Roberta Spadoni

Abstract

Due to increased purchasing power of certain consumer segments all over the world and the related growing demand for food specialties for differentiated goods in the international markets, agri-food trade and marketing is no longer focused on commodities only. Key concepts of ‘Marketing’, ‘International Trade’ and ‘Quality’ are taking the forefront in the scientific debate among agricultural economists dealing with agricultural and food products markets. The need for scientific knowledge about several aspects of marketing for quality food products is growing. The aim of this book is to link these key concepts together and consider connections, overlaps, contradictions and complementarities between them.

This book contains peer-reviewed articles covering a range of studies on international marketing and trade for quality food products and is edited with the support of the BEAN-QUORUM project, funded by the European Union’s Asia Link Programme. The topics covered by the studies range from geographical indications to organic food; from fair trade to functional food; from knowledge about quality requirements to the impact of the quest for quality. The geographical scope of the studies is broad and the perspectives vary including the consumer, the producer and the supply chain side. The focal interest of the studies also range from competitiveness, to policy, to potential demand. The book is of interest to researchers and practitioners in international food networks of all types.

https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-661-8

www.wageningenacademic.com/doi/pdf/10.3920/978-90-8686-661-8

  K.Melfou^a , E.Loizou^a  ,E.Oxouzi^a  ,E.Papanagiotou^b

  ^a

Department of Agricultural Technology, Technological Education Institute of Western Macedonia, Terma Kondopoulou, Florina 53100, Greece

^b

Department of Agricultural Economics, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,54124 Thessaloniki, Greece

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to examine the economic performance of Greek PDO saffron farms by estimating their technical efficiency with the application of DEA methodology. The survey was conducted in 2012-2013 in the PDO designated area of Kozani in Western Macedonia, which is the only area the product is being cultivated. Data were collected with personal interviews by means of a structured questionnaire, from a sample of 100 saffron farms. Results indicate that average technical efficiency under constant returns to scale is 0.627 in the sample and farms could have achieved the same level of output using 37% less inputs.

Keywords:

technical efficiency , Data Envelopment Analysis, Protected designation of origin,saffron

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00698-X.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221256711500698X?via%3Dihub

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283953966_Economic_Performance_of_Quality_Labeled_Saffron_in_Greece